Caganer Wikipedia.A Caganer Catalan pronunciation kne, Western Catalan kaane is a figurine depicted in the act of defecation appearing in nativity scenes in Catalonia and neighbouring areas with Catalan culture such as Andorra, Valencia, and Northern Catalonia in southern France.It is most popular and widespread in these areas, but can also be found in other areas of Spain Murcia, Portugal, and southern Italy Naples.The name El Caganer literally means the crapper or the shitter.Traditionally, the figurine is depicted as a peasant, wearing the traditional Catalan red cap the barretina and with his trousers down, showing a bare backside, and defecating.OriginseditThe exact origin of the Caganer is unknown, but the tradition has existed since at least the 1.The Madinah Books Series.The Arabic Course for EnglishSpeaking Students is a comprehensive and popular course for the teaching of the Quranic and Traditional.X_1E1Krr7EbvY5ZN6S6xy_s-8DpF709zFxstyWoUpkAr_0z7tFLMAoC8Se4bO6al9Y=h900' alt='Download English Grammar Explanations Articles Of Faith' title='Download English Grammar Explanations Articles Of Faith' />According to the society Amics del Caganer Friends of the Caganer, it is believed to have entered the nativity scene by the late 1.Baroque period.An Iberianvotive deposit was found near Tornabous in the Urgell depicting a holy Iberian warrior defecating on his falcata.This led to a brief altercation between the Institut dEstudis Catalans and the Departament dArqueologia in the Conselleria de Cultura of the Generalitat de Catalunya as to whether the find can be regarded as a proto caganer which would place the origin of this tradition far earlier than previously thought or just a representation of a pre combat ritual.TraditioneditIn Catalonia, as well as in the rest of Spain and in most of Italy and Southern France, traditional Christmas decorations often consist of a large model of the city of Bethlehem, similar to the Nativity scenes of the English speaking world but encompassing the entire city rather than just the typical manger scene.This pessebre is often a reproduction of a pastoral scenea traditional Catalan masia farmhouse as the central setting with the child in a manger, and outlying scenes including a washerwoman by a river, a woman spinning, shepherds herding their sheep or walking towards the manger with gifts, the Three Wise Men approaching on camel back, a scene with the angel and shepherds, the star pointing the way, etc.Commonly materials such as moss will be used to represent grass, with cork used to represent mountains or cliffs.Another variant is to make the setting oriental, with the Wise Men arriving by camel and the figures dressed accordingly.The caganer is a particular and highly popular feature of modern Catalan nativity scenes.It is believed to have entered the nativity scene by the late 1. 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Cisco Connect Software Download E3200 Specs here.Baroque period. 4 Eminent folklorist Joan Amades called it an essential piece and the most popular figure of the nativity scene.It can also be found in other parts of southwestern Europe, including Murcia, the region just south of the Valencia in Spain where they are called cagones, Naples cacone or pastore che caca and Portugal cages.There is a sculpture of a person defecating hidden inside the cathedral of Ciudad Rodrigo, Province of Salamanca, though this is not part of a nativity scene.Accompanying Mary, Joseph, Jesus, the shepherds and company, the caganer is often tucked away in a corner of the model, typically nowhere near the manger scene.A tradition in Catalonia is to have children find the hidden figure.ExplanationseditPossible reasons7 for placing a figure representing a person in the act of emptying his bowels in a scene which is widely considered holy include The Caganer, by creating faeces, is fertilizing the Earth.According to the ethnographer Joan Amades, it was a customary figure in nativity scenes pessebres in the 1.Christmas near the hearth.Placing this figurine in the nativity scene brought good luck and joy and not doing so brought adversity.Many modern caganers represent celebrities and authority figures.By representing them with their pants down, the caganer serves as a leveling device to bring the mighty down.As to the charge of blasphemy, as Catalan anthropologist Miguel Delgado has pointed out, the grotesque, rather than a negation of the divine may actually signify an intensification of the sacred, for what could be more grotesque than the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, a bloody public torture and execution as the defining moment in the story of Christianity9In his essay Les virtuts cviques del caganer The Civic Virtues of the Defecator, American anthropologist Brad Erickson argues that Catalans use the caganer to process and respond to contemporary social issues such as immigration and the imposition of public civility regulations.Further opinions 1.The caganer was the most mischievous and out of place character of the pessebres otherwise idyllic landscape he was the Other, with everything that entails, and as the Other, was accepted, in a liberal vein, as long as he did not aim to occupy the foreground.The caganer represented the spoilsport that we all have inside of us, and thats why it is not surprising that it was the most beloved figure among the children and, above all, the adolescents, who were already beginning to feel rather like outsiders at the family celebration.Agust Pons caThe caganer is a hidden figure and yet is always sought out like the lost link between transcendence and contingency.Without the caganer, there would be no nativity scene but rather a liturgy, and there would be no real country but just the false landscape of a model.Joan BarrilThe caganer seems to provide a counterpoint to so much ornamental hullabaloo, so much emotive treacle, so much contrived beauty.Josep Murgades caThe caganer is, like so many other things that have undergone the filtering of a great many generations, a cult object with the playful, aesthetic and superficial devotion that we feel towards all the silly things that fascinate us deep down.Jordi Soler esLocal reactionseditThe practice is tolerated by the Catholic church within the areas where the Caganer is popular.Although the tradition generally has popular support, opinion is divided as to whether it is wholly appropriate and not all nativity scenes in Catalonia include caganers.Similar traditionseditThe Caganer is not the only defecating character in the Catalan Christmas traditionanother is the Ti de Nadal, which also makes extensive use of the image of faecal matter it is a log, i.Christmas Eve and magically produces candy for children, a candy that has supposedly come from its bowels.Other mentions of faeces and defecation are common in Catalan folklore indeed, a popular Catalan saying for use before a meal is menja b, caga fort i no tinguis por a la mortEat well, shit heartily, and dont be afraid of death.In his book Barcelona, architecture critic and locale historian Robert Hughes gives a good introduction to this earthy tradition.The Caganer can also be found in other European cultures, either as an import or a minor local tradition In France Pre la Colique Father Cholic.In France this figure seems to date from the 1.In Murcia, the region just south of the Valencian Country in Spain where they are called cagones1.The Naples area, where it is known as cacone or pastore che caca1.Portugal, where they are known as cages31.Possible translations of the caganer concept into other languages include In the DutchFlemish Kakkers Schijterkes PooperLittle PooperIn German Choleramnnchen or Hinterlader Little Cholera Man or Breech loaderTraditional vs.Modern caricature caganers for sale.The traditional caganer is portrayed as a Catalan peasant man i.At least since the late 1.Catalan peasant woman was also added, wearing traditional garb including the long black hairnet.The Catalans have modified this tradition a good deal since the 1.In addition to the traditional caganer design, one can easily find other characters assuming the Caganer position, such as nuns, devils, Santa Claus, celebrities, athletes, historical figures, politicians, Spanish royalty, British royalty,1 and other famous people past and present.Just days after his election as US president in 2.Barack Obama was made available.At markets and exhibitseditCaganers are easiest to find before Christmas in holiday markets, like the one in front of the Cathedral of Santa Eulalia, which has many tables of Caganers.Every year new figures are created, and some people collect them.Sanskrit Lesson 1 Science behind the Sacred Sanskrit.Go back to Easy Sanskrit Lessons.Let us start this Sanskrit Learning Series by looking at a few popular facts attributed to Sanskrit Language.What makes Sanskrit so different from all other human spoken languages Why is the Sanskrit grammar described to be so scientific, structured and accurateWhat makes Sanskrit so special that it is called the Deva Bhasha, language of the Gods Why is Sanskrit said to be the only human spoken language which is unambiguous and suitable to be used in Computers Why is Sanskrit said to be context sensitive in meaning, context free in grammar, and without any need for evolution Why Sanskrit does not require any loan words How is it possible that we can frame sentences, write books in Sanskrit such that the same text can have different meaning when read in a different context In this series on learning Sanskrit, we will first try to understand the greatness of the Sanskrit language, the reason which makes Sanskrit stand apart among all the thousands of human spoken languages.The reason for its beautiful structure, accuracy, great potential and representation of knowledge.But please note that this series is unlike any conventional Learn Sanskrit courses.The approach followed here would be more like watching a suspense thriller movie rather than a boring documentary.So if you are looking for something like a Learn Sanskrit in 5 days tutorial or Sanskrit for dummies quick book, I am afraid this is not for you.My efforts here are so that you appreciate the beauty of this language, and in doing so, learn it as well, slowly but surely.If you are new to Sanskrit, what is being taught in this lesson here, which is one the core features of Sanskrit alone, will leave you spell bound, for if you do not know Sanskrit yet, you will understand and realize its greatness now and here.But before thatWithout being consciously aware about it, I was extremely happy to realize that the day on which I started writing this series was Guru Poornima Jul 2.Maharshi Veda Vyas.Even though my name is Gurudev, I am a student forever, and my infinite respect and salutes to all the Great Gurus of the past, present and future.My teachers are numerous, almost all of them taught me through their writings via books, and nature has been my greatest teacher.Gurudevobhava.Here we go.Why Hindu Gods have hundreds or more than thousand Sanskrit namesUsually a person has one official name, may be a pen name, some pet names, nick names and so on.So you might be known by at the most 4 or 5 different names.But how about 1.If you are a Hindu or know Hinduism closely, you will be aware that in the vedic culture there are deities with just too many names.There are multiple lists of 1.Hindu Gods and Goddesses.How can somebody be known by so many different names The answer is that each of these names describe different attributes and properties of those Gods or Goddesses.If we take Ganesha for instance.Ekadatanta refers to his attribute of having one tusk.Gajavadana refers to his attribute of having an Elephant face.Mushaka Vaahana refers to his attribute of Mouse being his vehicle.Vaktratunda refers to his attribute of having a broken tusk.Vigneshwara refers to his attribute of being the remover of obstacles and so on.Ganesha itself refers to his attribute of being the Lord of Ganas, the semi divine beings.If everything refers to his attributes, then what is the real name of Ganesha Interesting, isnt it Lets move on.Create multiple names for a Single Object a core feature of Sanskrit Language.Another similar interesting aspect you come across in Sanskrit is a thing or a person having multiple names.Take the case of Lotus for instance, Kamala is what it is popularly known as in Sanskrit, but also has numerous other names like Jalaja, Vaarija, Ambuja, Neeraja, Pankaja and so on.Similarly Sea which is popularly known as Samudra in Sanskrit has numerous other names like Jaladhi, Vaaridhi, Ambudhi, Neereadhi and so on.Now if you keenly observe the names of Lotus and Sea given above, they look similar except for the last letter.For Lotus the names end with ja, while for sea they end with dhi.What do the common terms represent then The common terms, jala, vaari, ambu, neera all refer to water.Each of them define an attribute of water, and hence they represent water.Ja in Sanskrit means born of.So when you add ja to the names referring to water in Sanskrit, you are referring to something that is born of water.Lotus being a flower born in water naturally earns all these names.So take any attribute in Sanskrit which represents water, add ja to it, there you have another name for Lotus.But why am I here referring jala, vaari, ambu, neera etc as attributes or properties of water, and not as names of water Arent they actually the names of water We will come to that in a moment.Before that we will look into the names of sea.Sanskrit means abundance.Water is abundant in a sea.So you take any name in Sanskrit which refers to the attributes of water, and add a dhi to it.There you have a name for sea If you were keen enough to observe the other name of Lotus Pankaja, you will see that I didnt mention a similar name for sea, Pankadhi.That is because, Panka refers to an attribute of mud in Sanskrit, not an attribute of water as you might have expected.Lotus is born in mud and hence also earns the name Pankaja.So what is Pankadhi then Well, if you know something which is abundant in mud, like how a sea is abundant in water, you can call it Pankadhi.You just created a new name in Sanskrit What about the names Kamala and Samudra Kamala refers to something that has an attribute of pale red color.Since Lotus has this attribute of being pale red in color, it is also called Kamala.Anything which has this attribute of pale red color can be called Kamala as well.Samudra refers to an attribute or a property of gathering of waters.So any gathering of waters can be called Samudra, be it a Sea or an Ocean.Sam refers to gathering, like in the word Samsad.Udra again refers to an attribute of water.Sea is a gathering of river waters, Ocean is a gathering of sea waters, hence both Sea and Ocean could be called Samudra.Now just think what are Udraja and Udradhi.If you are wondering about Samsad, sad refers to the act of sitting.So Samsad is sitting together, members sit together in the parliament, or for that matter any place where people sit together can be referred to as Samsad.Bonus What is KamalajaYou should be able to easily make out, it can refer to anything born out of Lotus, because we saw earlier that Kamala refers to Lotus and ja refers to born of.So who is born of LotusBrahma which is why he is also called Kamalaja.Because he is born of Lotus Similarly Kamala.Naabha refers to Vishnu because Lotus sprouts of his navel.Naabha refers to an attribute of navel.So Ambuja.
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